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Doublet (linguistics)
In etymology, two or more words in the same language are called doublets or etymological twins (or possibly triplets, etc.) when they have different phonological forms but the same etymological root. Often, but not always, the variants have entered the language through different routes. Because the relationship between words that have the same root and the same meaning is fairly obvious, the term is mostly used to characterize pairs of words that have diverged in meaning at least to some extent.〔Walter William Skeat, ''Principles of English Etymology: The Native Element'', chapter "Doublets and Compounds", p. 414''ff'', §389-391 and ''passim'' in all volumes〕
For example English ''pyre'' and ''fire'' are doublets. Modern words with similar meaning but subtle differences contribute to the richness of the English language, as exemplified by the doublets ''frail'' and ''fragile'' (both from the Latin adjective ''fragilis''): one might refer to a ''fragile tea cup'' and a ''frail old woman'', but never ''frail tea cup'', whilst ''fragile old woman'' adds a dimension of meaning by implying an infirmity which is not merely physical.
Another example of nearly synonymous doublets is ''aperture'' and ''overture'' (the commonality behind the meanings is "opening"), but doublets may develop divergent meanings, such as the ''opposite'' words, ''host'' and ''guest'' from the same PIE root, which occur as a doublet in Latin and then Old French ''hospes,'' before having been borrowed into English. Doublets also vary with respect to how far their forms have diverged. For example, the resemblance between ''levy'' and ''levee'' is obvious, whereas the connection between ''sovereign'' and ''soprano'', or ''grammar'' and ''glamour'', is harder to guess synchronically from the forms of the words alone.
==Origin==
Doublets can develop in various ways, according to which route the two forms took from the origin to their current form. Complex, multi-step paths are possible, though in many cases groups of terms follow the same path. Simple paths are discussed below, with the simplest distinction being that doublets in a given language can have their root in the same language (or an ancestor), or may originate in a separate language.
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